Last week, the Department of Justice announced a $1.776 billion Anti-Weaponization Fund to “provide a systematic process to hear and redress claims of others who suffered weaponization and lawfare.” The announcement came as Mark Lieberman at Education Week reported that OMB has not apportioned $2 billion in funding that was appropriated in February for federal education programs. The funding held back is $1.8 billion for 33 of the Department’s competitive grant programs, with the remainder appropriated to the Institute of Education Sciences. All of the grants and IES functions that may be impacted have been the subject of repeated proposed funding cuts or elimination by the White House.

This week, Secretary McMahon appeared before the House Education and Workforce Committee to defend proposed budget cuts for FY2027. The Secretary championed efforts to dismantle the Department by shifting programs to other agencies, which House Democrats criticized the strategy, arguing it lacks required congressional approval. Democrats also criticized the Department’s newly released rules implementing P.L. 119-21’s requirements around loan limits, noting that the new caps severely restrict which degree programs qualify for higher graduate student loans, and will exacerbate workforce shortages in fields like teaching and healthcare. Civil rights remained a focus, with House Democrats criticizing cuts to the Office for Civil Rights, while the Secretary highlighted agreements with universities around civil rights and antisemitism.

On May 1, the Department published Reimagining and Improving Student Education – Federal Student Loan Program Final Regulations. The rules, which implement provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, P.L. 119-21, and take effect on July 1, 2026, dramatically change certain aspects of the federal student loan program. One of the more controversial provisions of the regulations is the definition of “professional” and “graduate,” with the impact of categorization being significant disparities in new federal loan caps. Since P.L. 119-21 was passed last summer some members of Congress have been seeking to adjust those changes. So far, eight different bills have been introduced to either raise loan limits or shift the definition of “professional” to increase the number of students eligible for higher loan limits; two of those bills were introduced last week, but nothing has advanced yet.

Last week, the Senate Appropriations Committee hosted Secretary McMahon to discuss the President’s FY2027 Budget Proposal. Secretary McMahon, facing bipartisan skepticism, defended her vision of educational renewal and returning education to the states. The House Appropriations Committee is scheduled to hold a markup of their FY2027 budget for Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies on June 5 (Subcommittee) and June 9 (Full Committee); the Chair and Ranking Member of the Senate Appropriations Committee released General Guidance on appropriations requests, and aims to complete markup of all 12 spending bills by the end of June.

Last week, Congress continued to hear testimony about the President’s FY2027 Budget Proposal. This Tuesday, the Senate Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies, will review the budget request for the Department of Education and hear from Secretary McMahon. Expect questions related to the transfer of significant functions out of the Department, efforts to overhaul large swaths of federal student assistance programs, and continued concern about how and when funding (both title and discretionary) will reach states.

Budget season is underway—House and Senate Budget and Appropriations committees began hearing testimony on the President's FY2027 budget request, with the House set to mark up its Labor, HHS, and Education spending bill on June 5 and 9. A hearing specifically on the Department of Education's budget has not yet been publicly scheduled.

While Congress remained in recess, the House Education and Workforce Committee advanced committee reports on seven bills amending the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990, introducing enhanced fraud prevention measures, new provider accountability requirements, and triennial state performance reviews. The reports position the bills for House floor consideration as part of a broader Republican push on child care oversight.

With Congress on Spring Break, the administration released its FY2027 Budget Proposal—which assumes continued dismantling of the Department through IAAs, consolidation or elimination of numerous discretionary grant programs, and the creation of a new "Make Education Great Again" (MEGA) block grant program. Congress rejected analogous proposals in FY2026, but the budget signals the administration's intent to press forward administratively even without legislative approval.

The administration announced it would move remaining Department of Education staff out of the LBJ headquarters building—which has served as the Department's home for 40 years—in the latest step of its effort to dissolve the agency without Congressional approval. Ranking Member Bobby Scott objected, noting the move is not a bureaucratic reduction but a symbolic and operational step in a broader effort to diminish the federal role in ensuring equal access to education.

A House Judiciary Subcommittee convened a hearing directly aimed at revisiting Plyler v. Doe—the 1982 Supreme Court decision guaranteeing K–12 public education access regardless of immigration status—with at least six states having introduced legislation designed to challenge or lay groundwork for overturning the precedent. The hearing reflects meaningful support among House majority members for undermining a foundational access guarantee in public education, with consequences well beyond immigration policy.

The Senate HELP Committee continued its scrutiny of foreign financial relationships with American universities, raising concerns that foreign governments—particularly China—may exploit university partnerships and research funding to gain access to sensitive technologies and intellectual property. The hearing came weeks after the Department launched its new HEA Section 117 reporting portal and transferred administration of the program to the State Department.

The Senate passed the Children and Teens' Online Privacy Protection Act by unanimous consent, blocking collection of personal data from anyone under 17 without consent and limiting targeted advertising to minors—while the House companion bill was pulled from markup as staff-level bipartisan negotiations reached "substantial progress." The bills are part of a larger legislative push to update and improve online safety protections for students and youth.

The President's 1-hour-47-minute State of the Union address largely bypassed education policy, offering no substantive education agenda for the coming year beyond brief references to parents' rights and gender identity. Congress, meanwhile, introduced a package of bills increasing oversight and accountability for child care block grants and held hearings on CTE and AI in schools.

Congress was on recess last week; the notable development was a letter from Senators Warren, Sanders, Murray, and Baldwin calling on GAO to open an investigation into the Department's use of interagency agreements to transfer grant programs to other federal agencies without congressional approval. The Senators expressed concern that the transfers delayed crucial funding, created administrative inefficiencies, increased costs, and compromised technical assistance quality for states and grantees.

With appropriations largely settled, Congress resumed its focus on education, youth, and workforce issues, introducing proposals on K–12 school safety, foster youth housing and legal services, higher education affordability, and WIOA flexibility. Committee hearings examined literacy instruction, education-related civil rights issues, child care fraud, and foreign influence in nonprofits.

On February 4, the President signed H.R. 7148 into law, funding the Department of Education at approximately $79 billion through FY2026—a Congressional rejection of the administration's proposed deep cuts, though the law does not include significant new guardrails against the Department's ongoing restructuring efforts. Congress has until February 10 to negotiate separate DHS funding as part of the same legislative package.

The federal government was again partially shut down after the Senate stripped long-term DHS funding from the consolidated appropriations bill—which includes Education funding—opting for a two-week continuing resolution for DHS amid ongoing uproar over ICE enforcement, and sending the amended bill back to the House with a January 30 deadline looming. The Senate separately passed H.R. 7148, the consolidated appropriations bill, by 71–29 with significant amendments, ending that particular funding lapse.

The House passed both the consolidated Education appropriations bill and the DHS funding bill last week, but Senate floor action was upended by mounting outrage over ICE enforcement in Minnesota and nationally—putting the entire funding package on a collision course with a January 30 lapse. The Senate was out of session for the week, leaving the education funding timeline directly dependent on resolution of the DHS funding dispute.

The Senate Appropriations Committee released conferenced spending bills providing $18.4 billion for Title I, $15.2 billion for IDEA, and a maximum Pell award of $7,395—along with language directly limiting the Department's authority to transfer funds outside of ED and an explanatory statement calling the IAA strategy unprecedented and improper. The package signals meaningful Congressional disapproval of the administration's program transfer approach, even if enforcement mechanisms remain limited.

During the first session week of the new year, Congress introduced a range of education-related legislation while appropriators continued negotiating the remaining funding bills covering Labor, HHS, and Education—with the current CR set to expire and no deal yet in sight. The week also included a House Education and Workforce Committee markup on two bills related to pregnant students' rights.